Category: Through the lens
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Transverse Thrust
Transverse thrust for a right handed propeller is a tendency to give a small push to starboard of the stern part of vessel, when running ahead. On astern propulsion, it is a push felt towards the port side by the stern part. This tendency is clearly noticeable in calm and near perfect conditions. It can…
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Sea Ice 3 (Icebergs & Ice Patrol)
Glaciers are formed by thousands of years of snowfall forming ice. More than 10000 icebergs calve each year, mainly from about 20 major glaciers between the Jacobshaven and Humboldt Glaciers of western Greenland. These glaciers account for 85% of the icebergs which reach the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Other sources of icebergs are the East…
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Sea Ice 2 (Formation and types of Ice)
As per an estimate, sea ice covers about 10,000 square miles of the earth. Sea ice occurs in both the polar zones, Arctic as well as the Antarctic. In the northern hemisphere, it can currently exist as far south as Bohai Bay, China (approximately 380 north latitude), which is actually closer to the equator than…
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Special Compensation, LOF & SCOPIC
The 1910 Brussels Convention on Salvage contained no express provision regarding the right of a salvor to the compensation, for steps taken by him to prevent or minimise the damage due oil pollution. There was no consideration at all for such efforts. In fact, there was no mention of any kind about environment. It had…
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Salvage Principles through the Century
The salvage generally is defined as the rescue of a wrecked or disabled ship or its cargo from loss at sea. It is also defined as a process of saving goods from damage or destruction, especially from a ship that has sunk or been damaged. The legal meaning of salvage however, does not become clear…
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1910 vs 1989 Salvage Convention
The salvage Convention 1989, replaced its earlier predecessor which was adopted in Brussels in 1910. It could be summarized by the ‘no cure, no pay’ principle. Salvor could get remunerated only for success. There was no mention at all of the environmental pollution. Environmental damage became a major concern with pollutions resulting from large tankers…
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Rotterdam Rules Introduction And Evaluation
IntroductionThere is an interesting history of marine trade and applicable laws governing the trade. There have been several attempts to bring out uniformity in the laws governing carriage of goods by sea. These include the Hague Rules, the Hague Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules and lately the Rotterdam Rules. The Hamburg Rules have not…
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Car Carrier Operations
Earlier, in shipping the automobiles were carried on general cargo ships and bulk carriers with just a few vehicles onboard. Cars were loaded with net slings wrapped all around the wheels and stowed mostly on open decks. The cars were usually covered with plastic or polythene to shelter them from the weather. Possibility of damage…
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Cathodic Protection
Corrosion Corrosion is a leading cause of premature failure in metallic structures. Corrosion is a spontaneous electrochemical process in which a metal reacts with its environment to form Oxides (Ferrous Oxide, Ferroso Ferric Oxide) or other compound (Hydroxides), the commonest example being the pitting and rusting of steel. Principle of Cathodic ProtectionCathodic Protection (CP) is…
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Are The Lashings Adequate?
The 1994 / 1995 amendments to the code of safe practice for cargo stowage and securing, were introduced in Annex 13, which was incorporated in to the code. Annex 13 provides the methods of calculating and ensuring the adequacy of the lashing material and its strength to secure a cargo unit against possible movement during…